Parent Role Essays - Parenting, Family, Feeling, Qualia, Childhood

Parent Role What does the word parent mean to you? The definition of this word is, one who begets, gives birth to, or nurtures and raises a child; a father or a mother. Yet, one interprets this word difrently depending on what life has had to offer us. Many people agree with the denotation of the word parent. "To me parents are those who raised me", states Ela Hernandez. Parents are people who guide you throughout life. It's someone who loves their child no matter what and takes care of them. Watching and nurturing one owns child is what a parent is. "Because my parents are there since I was an infant I must say that I consider them my teachers on life" confesses AJ Vega. "Parents are the people that I know are there for me no matter what I do. They are their for me through any situation, be it physically, mentally or spiritually", says Carlos Hernandez. Despite the fact that the word parent is usually positive to all, part of the population feels extremely different. Some parents are overbearing, demanding, and contradicting. Many parents say that grades truly do not matter; yet, once report cards come along it's a different story. "Parents are usually never satisfied with anything we do", said Christina Cruz. In conclusion, different people have gone through different experience making their view the one word parent diversely unique. Some experiences are positive while others are negative making their knowledge and feelings towards the word resemble their experiences.

Impact of gold on Victoria essays

Impact of gold on Victoria essays The gold rush was the catalyst for the unprecedented development of Victoria. The first discoveries of Gold made at Clunes, 90 miles north of Melbourne, functioned as a magnet to thousands of prospectors in the hope of striking it rich. Consequently, the influx of foreigners and the displacement of population from the Australian colonies to the Victorian gold fields, as emphasized by the Bathurst Free Press, A complete mental madness appears to have seized almost every member of the community. There has been a universal rush to the diggings; the phenomenal impact of migration was evident in the subsequent years of Gold discovery in Victoria. The economy was injected with thousands more consumers and the need for increased services was heightened with the news of additional gold findings. Thousands of children in the colony required education, which at the time was gravely inadequate to cater for the large numbers of children flooding into the colony as their families migrated for n ew opportunities. Furthermore, the diverse inhabitants of the goldfields were the ingredients of a sweltering pot of culture, creating a cosmopolitan feel to the goldfields. The need for communications were obvious by the mid 1850s as electric telegraphing wires formed an intricate system of communications across the Victorian countryside and the development of roads and railway lines reflected the need for effective transportation. Another consequence of the gold rushes was the Eureka Stockade that effectively ignited a campaign for equal rights and fair treatment, which lead to the emergence of a democracy in Victoria and Australia. In ten years gold had transformed Victoria from a minor pastoral settlement to the most celebrated British colony and consequently transformed Melbourne into a thriving metropolis, many historians look back at this period as the defining moment in Australias history, this view was shar...

Leaf-Footed Bugs of Family Coreidae

Leaf-Footed Bugs of Family Coreidae Leaf-footed bugs (Family Coreidae) will grab your attention when several of these large insects gather on a tree or garden plant. Many members of this family have noticeable leaf-like extensions on their hind tibia, and this is the reason for their common name. Members of the family Coreidae tend to be fairly large in size, with the largest reaching almost 4 cm in length. North American species usually range from 2-3 cm. The leaf-footed bug has a tiny head relative to its body, with a four-segmented beak and four-segmented antennae. The pronotum is both wider and longer than the head. A leaf-footed bugs body is typically elongate and often dark in color, although tropical species can be quite colorful. The coreids forewings have many parallel veins, which you should be able to see if you look closely. The most commonly encountered North American leaf-footed bugs are probably those of the genus Leptoglossus. Eleven Leptoglossus species inhabit the U.S. and Canada, including the western conifer seed bug (Leptoglossus occidentalis) and the eastern leaf-footed bug (Leptoglossus phyllopus). Our largest coreid is the giant mesquite bug, Thasus acutangulus, and at up to 4 cm long, it lives up to its name. Classification Kingdom – AnimaliaPhylum – ArthropodaClass – InsectaOrder – HemipteraFamily - Coreidae Leaf-Footed Bugs Diet As a group, the leaf-footed bugs mostly feed on plants, often eating the seeds or fruit of the host. Some, like the squash bug, can do considerable damage to crops.   A few leaf-footed bugs may be predaceous. Leaf-Footed Bugs Life Cycle Like all true bugs, leaf-footed bugs undergo simple metamorphosis with three life stages: egg, nymph, and adult. The female usually deposits her eggs on the underside of foliage of the host plant. Flightless nymphs hatch and molt through several instars until reaching adulthood. Some leaf-footed bugs overwinter as adults. Certain coreids, most notably the golden egg bug (Phyllomorpha laciniata), demonstrate a form of parental care for their young. Instead of depositing eggs on a host plant, where the young could easily fall victim to predators or parasites, the female deposits her eggs on other adult leaf-footed bugs of her species. This may lessen mortality rates for her offspring. Special Behaviors and Defenses In some species, the male leaf-footed bugs establish and defend their territories from intrusion by other males. These coreids often have enlarged femora on the hind legs, sometimes with sharp spines, which they use as weapons in battles with other males. Leaf-footed bugs have scent glands on the thorax and will emit a strong odor when threatened or handled. Range and Distribution Over 1,800 species of leaf-footed bugs live throughout the world. Only about 80 species inhabit North America, mainly in the south. Sources Borror DeLongs Introduction to the Study of Insects, 7th edition, by Charles A. Triplehorn and Norman F. Johnson.Encyclopedia of Entomology, 2nd edition, edited by John L. Capinera.Kaufman Field Guide to Insects of North America, by Eric R. Eaton and Kenn  KaufmanFamily Coreidae – Leaf-Footed Bugs, Bugguide.net. Accessed online January 13, 2012.

Action Of Enzyme Catalase On Hydrogen Peroxide Lab Report

Action Of Enzyme Catalase On Hydrogen Peroxide - Lab Report Example The student feels that the more the concentration of the liver the more the enzyme that would result since more amount of oxygen would react with the hydrogen peroxide molecules. For accomplishing this, the student has taken five test tubes with the first test tube having twice the suspension as that of the fifth tube expecting that there would be twice the amount of oxygen given off. This seems that the student wants to prove that the amount of oxygen that would be evolved would be directly proportional to the amount of the liver suspension take. Since it cannot be decided in a single experiment the student repeats it three times to observe whether the desired changes have taken place in each experiment or not. The independent variable to be considered here would be the amount of liver suspension and distilled water and the dependent variable would be the amount of oxygen evolved. This experiment deals with quantitative analysis. The overall experiment can be summed up by the following table (Note: Exp indicates experiment) It can be observed that there is a significant variation in the amount of oxygen evolved in the three experiments. The variation can be clearly understood observing the graph below It can be inferred from the graph that there is a gradual decline in the amount of oxygen evolved considering the concentrations of the enzyme. (The x-axis represents experiment and the y-axis represents the amount of oxygen evolved). It is only in the second experiment that the discrepancy arises. It is highly probable that there might have been a replacement of the suspension. It can be clearly understood that there is a direct relationship between the amount of suspension and the amount of oxygen evolved. The experiment is in fact a relatively simple one and can be performed easily if the conditions are ideal. The student has done it appropriately and has a good analytic skill. The prediction is purely based on understanding as it involves mainly quantitative analysis rather than the chemical reaction. The student has opted the right materials for accomplishing this experiment. The only requirement would be to do the experiment under perfect conditions and conduct the experiment singly so as not to confuse with other experiments. The following experiment would boost the above observation Hypothesis: Iftime is increased, then more hydrogen peroxide molecules will be split into water and

International business - ideas international Essay

International business - ideas international - Essay Example ver, Hindi is the main language in which most of the high budget films are getting introduced in the market, and Bollywood is the front face of the Indian film industry. The Bollywood has earned an international repute for its excellence in the field of film production. The liberalized foreign investment regime has given a tremendous opportunity to the foreign film makers. But, the foreign film production company should remember that the India is a very sensitive market as far as the films are concern. There are many religions, languages and rituals are practiced in India so, before making a film these points should be clarified as the films are one of the main mass Medias in India. The Film World is a private limited company. It was found in late seventies in Melbourne, Australia. It is having a vast experience in producing high quality films in the Australia and in the international market. The film world is one of the upcoming films production companies in the Australia. The company is packed with full of talented work force. It believes in producing quality work. It has many successful achievements throughout the journey for more than two decades. In the mid of eighties that is in 1985, the FilmWorld ventured into the film production and distribution in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The early ninety was a great time for the company as it was going through a tremendous success in the Australia and Malaysia. During the last few years the company is producing approximately four films in Australia and three films in Malaysia in a yearly basis. Due to the recent advancement, the company is looking for the opportunities in the Indian film market. India has the world’s biggest film industry in terms of number of movies produced in a year; it is almost eight hundred movies yearly. It works efficiently as one of the great sectors for the foreign investment. However, for any foreign investors the background check is very important and there lies the importance of the

How Celebrity Culture Affects Society Cultural Studies Essay

How Celebrity Culture Affects Society Cultural Studies Essay As we can see that today, the news about celebrities is full on all kind of media. They appear on all kind of communication media from printed media: newspapers, magazines, to television and online media like internet. It can be said that we are living in the century of media innovation together with the development of celebrity culture. For many years ago, if some child was asked about his dream, it would be teacher, pilot, or lawyerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ however, today, most of the answers will be to be famous. It is just only one of many impact of celebrity culture on us or even our generation. The significant development of celebrity industry also contributes on those effects. As people see how easy to be or to do something, they will consider it a target to achieve. This is absolutely right with the many ones dream to become celebrities. Furthermore, when the celebrity content becomes daily, it also effects on all of us, especially the young. Their life styles, their behaviorsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ are often imitated. They are the reasons why I choose this topic: celebrity culture. Of course it a very wide topic to do research, so I decide to narrow it and concentrate on the reason and how does celebrity culture affect our behaviors. I determined my three objectives: 1. To examine the rising tide celebrity culture on newspapers, magazines, TV and the Internet. 2. To explain why many people want to be celebrities. 3. To research the effects of celebrity culture on our behaviour Section B: Analysis of Findings Objective 1: To examine the rising tide celebrity culture in newspapers, magazines, TV and the Internet Together with the media explosion, celebrity culture has become a rising tide on all field of communication industry. Moreover, celebrity content has been foundation to the news of media in the recent century. From the nightly television programmes to mass market magazines to the online edition of newspapers, celebrity news has proved its efficiency to attract attention and to impulse consumption (G.Turner, 2010). In the past, celebrity news might have been limited to a specific range of television outlets and print, it is now a sort of content that can be found right across the media series. The development of new media has leading new ways of introducing, producing and consuming celebrity while online magazines and news which are especially grown as an additional form of the tendency print media has also had an expansive effect (G.Turner 2010). According to Robert van Krieken (2010) said in his article, celebrity which is usually seen as a frothy and unreal topic is also a measure of how superficial contemporary culture has become. However, the celebrity production industry has never ever significantly developed like it today. Also, there is no signal that the limits of the spread of celebrity culture have been reached (G.Turner, 2010). The continuously operating apparatus of celebrity industry along with the growth of digital media has made them the perfect partners who contribute in the expansion of each other. The production of reality TV shows, the rise of Idol, Master Chef, Australias got Talent and others take us to a point that all television formats are produced depending on exploiting people interest in the chance to become a celebrity (G.Turner 2010). It is the celebrity industry which first creates celebrity through the process called celebritisation (G.Turner 2010). For example, the reality TV shows like Idol that many contestants try to express themselves to be recognised through the performance process. This is one among many TV shows which offer people the opportunity to prove themselves to become famous. That is a very first step of the process of transformation (G.Turner 2010). Then, the expansion of digital media the producers and distributors of content through printed and electronic forms magazines, newspapers, television, and now with the development of the various kinds of on-line media would help the celebrities to hold their fame (G.Turner 2010). Those all contribute in the fact that news of celebrities is now full of magazines, newspaper, internet and other kinds of media. William Shakespeare wrote All the worlds a stage, and all the men and women merely players. It is true for movie stars and TV hosts and other celebrities who are famous for being famous (W.Shakespeare, As You Like It, 1600). Objective 2: To explain why many people want to be celebrities It is obvious that the development and efficiency of the media machine help to create a celebrity easier. That means many peoples dreams now easier to be real. Especially, the growth of the reality TV shows make people have more opportunity to appear on TV. Therefore, there are a lot of celebrities who are production of this type of celebrity production industry. A phenomenon called Susan Boyle is an example. A 47-year-old single woman has been the worldwide star just after only one appearance on TV. She had sung the song I dreamed a dream in the TV show Britains got talent (C.Cadwalladr 2010). Then it was like her dream come true when the video of her performance got more than 100 millions views on YouTube. After that, her first album I Dreamed a Dream sold more copies than any others. The story named Susan Boyle like a fairy tale has spread over the world about a talent woman and how easy to become a celebrity (C.Cadwalladr 2010). Furthermore, if someone is the winner in a show, wi th the support of many kinds of media, he could become a celebrity without doubt. What seems to come next to fame? It is wealthy. Statistics show that actors can be paid nearly $US20 million for making a single film (S.Bunbury 2009). But it is not the only source of their income. They are also paid to appear on advertising or to represent a brand. For many years, Australian celebrities efforts are trying to sell us things like hair replacement, air-conditioning, alcoholic drinks, house-and-land packages and fast food. Sarah Murdoch hustles for undies; Gwyneth Paltrow endorses cosmetics; Celine Dion used to represent a car company, Bruce Willis hawks vodka (C.Middendorp 2010). Hence, they can earn millions of dollar from these advertised campaigns (C.Middendorp 2010). Another example is Kylie Minogue who is a famous singer in Australia. She is also known as actress, childrens book author, underwear designer and perfumer. As a result, her net wealth in 2006 is approximately $55 million, according to James Thomson-the editor of BRWs Entertainer Rich List (D.Ziffer, L .Dubecki 2006). However, the obvious prices that most of them have to pay for the fame are their own privacy. The fact is that the celebrities always use media for their self-promotion. So, some people argue that it is unfair for them when the media reports some thing which they want to keep secret. Nevertheless, other said that celebrities take advantage from media to create the ideal figures of them no matter how inaccurate they are, so it has right to tell the truth (B. Haywood 2004). Therefore, some famous celebrities are always followed by the paparazzi and their privacy is exposed on magazines, newspapers. Objective 3: To research the effects of celebrity culture on our behaviour It is obvious that in a society that is obsessed by media and celebrity culture, celebrities have a great impact on everyone. From fashion trends to life style or political views, peoples behaviours, interests and beliefs are strongly affected by celebrities. Furthermore, these celebrity-culture-obsessions usually begin at an early age, therefore, other than adults, teenagers and children are most impressed. They often think of famous people as role model and try to become those figures (C. Shaffer, 2010). For example, there was a research done by the UK research organisation YouGov in 2005 which surveyed a group 800 of 16-19-year-age young people (Cassidy 2006). It showed that 10% of teenagers would leave school to appear on TV if they had opportunity. Sixteen in 100 of them believed they could find success through celebrity industry. Meanwhile, 9% think being famous is the best way to achieve wealthy without qualifications. The positive affects of celebrities are social and environmental effects. Many environmental topics and issues such as global warming, wildlife animal protectionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ could approach the publicity thanks to the celebrities. Tom Hanks, Al Gore, and Leonardo DiCaprio strongly believe in living green lifestyle (C. Shaffer, 2010). These advocacy-celebrities can positively influence people as they would live more eco-friendly and do good thing for environment protection. Furthermore, many celebrities campaigns concerning social issues like charity, helping poor people, HIVà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ also have good impacts on people recognition. One example is that Brad Pitt and Angelina Jolie had adopted 3 orphans from different countries (Ethiopia, Cambodia and Vietnam). However, the bad effects also be accompanied by the good effects. The public, with so much exposure to celebrities, could strongly be influenced by their behaviour or even misbehaviour. The fact is that people are imitated by the behaviour associating with success and fame. So, that is the reason why they can have impacts on people, especially the young. Meanwhile, young celebrities can easily affect young people. However, two thirds of 1,007 people in a weekend USA Today Poll believe Hollywood stars are no more likely to get into trouble than other young people (K. Thomas, 2007). Paris Hilton and Linsay Lohan are example. Both of them had to go to jail because of using drugs and driving when they got drunk. Other scandals of the young celebrities concerning with sex, drugs, drunk, clubs, partiesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. are exposed daily on many kinds of media. Hence, the downgrading lifestyles of celebrities are seriously affects on young people in general and the next generation in particu lar. No parents want those bad figures to become their childrens role but they could find no way to get rid of their effects. Section C: Self-evaluation Research skills/Procedure Actually, at first, I choose the topic concerning with technology because it seems to be hot and there are plenty of articles and books writing about it. However, I decided the topic celebrity culture because I found I am interesting in it. It is just because of my habit to go online and read news everyday. I was not sure there are any research or articles concerning with this topic, but I had finally chosen what I am interesting in not others are. After the hardest work- choosing topic, I have to determine how I could approach it. I focused on how does celebrity culture affect our behavior, with three objectives: to examine the rising tide celebrity culture on newspapers, magazines, TV and the Internet; to evaluate the cost to be a celebrity; to research the effects of celebrity culture on our behaviour. However, on the process I did the research, I had to change my second objective to to explain why many people want to be celebrities, which seems to be more suitable to my way of approaching the topic. Unfortunately, I could not find any printed resource in Taylors library which could help my research. So, I had to find everything on the Internet. I used google.com and others scholar website on Study Smart to find most of my references and articles. Oral communication skills In the oral presentation, I have chosen to talk about my two first objectives. I think I did well in the oral presentation. I had done this many times before so I did not feel nervous any more when standing in front of crowed. Furthermore, I also control my body language well. I used the outline on cue cards and the power point for my presentation. I did not learn it by heart because I wanted to make it as naturally as I could. Hence, I received good comments from the teacher about those skills. He also commented well about my tied-up-point. Actually, I came to my mind when I was on tram to school. However, I need to improve my pronunciation and concentrate more on plural endings. Also, because I did not practice my presentation enough time, so I was overtime- 8 minutes. So, I have to practice more to improve my English in general and my pronunciation in particular. I also have to learn to handle the time allowed in next time I do presentation. Organisational skills At first, I found it not too hard to meet the deadlines. Because most of my resources for the research project are from Internet, so it was easy for me to collect everything. Then, the hardest and most time-consuming step is to read all of them and classify which articles; journalsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ are suitable for which objective. Unfortunately, I was sick and absent 3 days from school, so, I could not hand in the second objective on time. Therefore, I did really hard to catch up with other friends and the deadlines also. From this part, I have learnt a lot about time management: to arrange work, to do the schedule, to catch upà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. I think this very important for my future study in university. Also, this is the first time I write the reference list, so I found it is quite difficult. I had to do it many times and asked the teacher to make sure that I was on the right way. Thanks to him, I could finally finish it. Now I feel more confidence to write the reference list next time. To sum up, I have learnt many new things when doing this research project. They are not only academic, but also social and communicational skills: to do the oral presentation, to manage time, to arrange work, to write a report, to do a bibliography, to overcome unexpected problemsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. Those skills are always important in both my study and my life in future. Section D: Reference List Elliott, T. 2010, Celebrity is a growth industry, The Age, 29 May, viewed 01 August 2010, . Bunbury, S. 2009, Like a prayer: Celebrities and religion, The Age, 07 April, viewed 01 August 2010, . Shaffer, C. 2010, How do celebrities influence people?, eHow Contributor, 28 June, viewed 01 August 2010, Cadwalladr, C. 2010, Celebrity: The sadness of Susan Boyle, The Advertiser, 26 June. Funnel, N. 2010, Responsibility goes with the celebrity, The Age, 21 June. Haywood, B. 2004, The Price of Fame, The Age, 08 November. McDonald, B., Loughlan, K. 2010, Fame is like the real thing, Sydney Morning Herald, 06 May. Middendorp, C. 2010, Celebrity may earn millions in ads, but look decidedly cheap, The Age, 14 January, p.15. Thomas, K. 2007, Young Hollywood: What has gotten into them?, USA Today, 06 June. Ziffer, D., Dubecki, L. 2006, What next for Kylie?, The Age, 09 December. Turner, G. 2010, Approaching celebrity studies in Celebrity Studies, Volume 1, p.11 20.

My Kind of Writing

Merola Page 1 of 2 Lyndsay Merola English 1100-05 My Kind of Writing There are many different types and styles of writing with their own purpose. I can express myself and others in all different kinds of ways. For example there is expository writing, descriptive writing, Narrative writing, persuasive writing and creative writing. Yes, they are all ways of writing but they each share their own purpose. Expository writing is a type of writing where the purpose is to inform, describe, or explain the author's subject to the reader. I personally like expository writing because it can be very easy to accomplish and it doesn’t require much thinking.Descriptive writing is very similar. It is writing that describes a particular person, place or event in great detail. Narrative writing is writing that tells a story, whether true or fictional. I love narrative writing because there are options to be creative with it. Persuasive writing was very popular for me in High School, Almost every month we would have to write an essay on persuading somebody in a particular idea or thought. For persuasive writing you need good reasons and examples. Last but not least there is creative writing. Creative writing is basically considered to be any writing, fiction, poetry, or non-fiction.It is very basic and is my personal favorite Merola Page 2 of 2 because I feel free and more open to write about whatever I want and not just a main topic or idea. A journal is an example of creative writing and I like being able to use a journal because it helps me get thoughts out, but keep memories in. In my college writing class, I feel like our essays are based on more creative writing. When I wrote about my most embarrassing moment, I actually laughed and had fun writing it because it wasn’t political or educational, but it was about life and different experiences.I like writing about real life situations because it is a lot easier to write about and the ideas come more natural to me . Honestly when I think of persuasive writing, I find it boring. Whenever I find myself writing a persuasive essay, I find myself thinking of a good enough lie to make the reader believe me and so I could persuade to them my point of view. Persuasive writing is very boring and could be very difficult at times, but somehow I find myself struggle through it. There are also different kinds of writing like academic writing, professional writing, business writing, and copywriting.You can write about non-fiction, fiction or even poems. I prefer writing about non-fiction because I find it more useful and interesting. Overall, there are many different types and styles of writing with their own purposes. Some people enjoy writing stories, writing about their life, writing because there is a purpose, or writing because there may be no purpose behind it. It varies on the person behind the paper. I enjoy writing about realistic things, but everyone is different and creative in their own ways. My Kind of Writing Merola Page 1 of 2 Lyndsay Merola English 1100-05 My Kind of Writing There are many different types and styles of writing with their own purpose. I can express myself and others in all different kinds of ways. For example there is expository writing, descriptive writing, Narrative writing, persuasive writing and creative writing. Yes, they are all ways of writing but they each share their own purpose. Expository writing is a type of writing where the purpose is to inform, describe, or explain the author's subject to the reader. I personally like expository writing because it can be very easy to accomplish and it doesn’t require much thinking.Descriptive writing is very similar. It is writing that describes a particular person, place or event in great detail. Narrative writing is writing that tells a story, whether true or fictional. I love narrative writing because there are options to be creative with it. Persuasive writing was very popular for me in High School, Almost every month we would have to write an essay on persuading somebody in a particular idea or thought. For persuasive writing you need good reasons and examples. Last but not least there is creative writing. Creative writing is basically considered to be any writing, fiction, poetry, or non-fiction.It is very basic and is my personal favorite Merola Page 2 of 2 because I feel free and more open to write about whatever I want and not just a main topic or idea. A journal is an example of creative writing and I like being able to use a journal because it helps me get thoughts out, but keep memories in. In my college writing class, I feel like our essays are based on more creative writing. When I wrote about my most embarrassing moment, I actually laughed and had fun writing it because it wasn’t political or educational, but it was about life and different experiences.I like writing about real life situations because it is a lot easier to write about and the ideas come more natural to me . Honestly when I think of persuasive writing, I find it boring. Whenever I find myself writing a persuasive essay, I find myself thinking of a good enough lie to make the reader believe me and so I could persuade to them my point of view. Persuasive writing is very boring and could be very difficult at times, but somehow I find myself struggle through it. There are also different kinds of writing like academic writing, professional writing, business writing, and copywriting.You can write about non-fiction, fiction or even poems. I prefer writing about non-fiction because I find it more useful and interesting. Overall, there are many different types and styles of writing with their own purposes. Some people enjoy writing stories, writing about their life, writing because there is a purpose, or writing because there may be no purpose behind it. It varies on the person behind the paper. I enjoy writing about realistic things, but everyone is different and creative in their own ways.